Film Review: Terminator: Salvation

"What is it that makes us human? It's not something you can program. You can't put it into a chip. It's the strength of the human heart. The difference between us and machines." - Sam Worthington

The first two Terminator films hinted at the frightening post-nuclear-war future, overrun by SkyNet and its army of machines. Terminator 3 showed how it came to pass. Finally, in 2009, Terminator: Salvation would be the first film to show the actual future wars of the franchise in full.

To be frank, my first impression was not the best. I took issue with Christian Bale's aggressive take on John Connor, and the film's focus on Marcus Wright (Sam Worthington) as the main character. To say nothing of the actual plot, which seems like a mad rush to slap John, Marcus, and Kyle Reese together, just because destiny says they have to.

On repeat viewings, I learned to accept the film as it is. This is still an action-driven film, and the action does not disappoint. It does a decent job of showing planes and soldiers clashing with SkyNet's terminators, Goliaths, and hunter-killers in some modestly epic war scenes. The chase scene between the tow truck, the giant terminator, the motorbike terminators, and the giant HK is a thrilling piece of work. The final confrontations in the SkyNet factory are pretty cool. The pacing is high most of the time, and the film overall is appropriately gritty, dark, and intense.

The story doesn't really progress the franchise much, aside from uniting the characters we know and love together, and showing a little more insight on the future war. Its biggest contribution is in introducing Marcus as a character, who comes to represent a larger theme that puts the movie into a thrilling new context: the film overall asks the question, what does it mean to be human? Through a series of dramatic twists, the film reaches a decently profound conclusion.

The film looks good, with solid photography and quality editing. There are a lot of great looking shots throughout. Acting is not bad at all: even though I found it hard to accept Christian Bale's performance as John Connor (thanks largely to Bale's supposed outburst during the film's shooting, and his previous portrayal as Batman), I realized that he is doing his best to match up with Edward Furlong's character in T2, and he does so with an appropriate level of nuance and aggression. Sam Worthington is surprisingly excellent in his role. Anton Yelchin is not bad as Kyle Reese, but could have used more scenes. Writing overall is pretty good. This production has decent sets, props, costumes, and special effects. Music is good.

I'd recommend this as a rental.

4/5 (Entertainment: Good | Story: Good | Film: Good)

Film Review: Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines

"Judgment Day is inevitable." - Arnold Schwarzenegger

As thrilling as the first two Terminator films were, they made up a rather complete duology. I still always dreamed that a third movie should be made, to take the franchise into thrilling new directions. About ten or eleven years after T2, this film finally came out, with surprisingly little enthusiasm.

Outside of James Cameron's hands, it's not quite the same. I can't deny that it's missing a certain charm, or perhaps a certain pathos, that makes the first two films work so well. Regardless, T3 has its share of excitement. The car chase in the opening act, featuring a crane that wrecks a huge number of cars and one whole building, is an excellent and awesome thing to watch. The film maintains really fast pacing with a frequent number of chases and fights. It's also loaded up with quite a bit of silly comedy. I could see audiences loathing the lighter tone of the film, but I think it's a real hoot. Even though these scenes make the film lightweight, it still has serious moments, especially during its final scenes.

The film starts off looking quite similar to the other two movies, with two terminators coming into the past, one to kill and the other to protect. It quickly covers thrilling new ground, showcasing a lost and troubled John Connor who winds up literally trapped in some rather amusing situations. When the actual Judgment Day hits, it becomes a mad rush. There's not much room for character or theme development, and when there is, some of the scenes might come off as wimpy (especially in the way John Connor whines and threatens to kill himself in one scene). Regardless, it's a servicable story with a few surprising twists, even if it doesn't have the same depth or feeling as its predecessors.

The film looks slick, with solid photography and editing. Acting is not bad: Arnold Schwarzenegger returns with a tongue-in-cheek portrayal of his iconic character. Nick Stahl does his best to match up with Edward Furlong's portrayal of John Connor; despite being a little unlikable as a character, I think his performance is admirable. Claire Danes and Kristanna Lokken are both fun to watch. Writing is okay; there are a few lines that I wish were expanded upon. This production has plenty of good-looking sets, props, and costumes. Special effects look great most of the time, and a little weak in other spots. Music is pretty good.

I'd recommend this as a rental.

4/5 (Entertainment: Very Good | Story: Pretty Good | Film: Good)

Film Review: Terminator 2: Judgment Day

"The future's not set. There's no fate but what we make for ourselves." - Edward Furlong

The first Terminator film presented the unique concept of a robot killer sent back through time to assassinate a specific target to affect the outcome of a futuristic war. Even though the characters overcame the terminator, Judgment Day still beckoned. Nuclear war is coming. Robots will march over the dead and annihilate the living. They are still looking to alter the past to win over the future.

T2 hits the ground running with a similar plot structure as the first film: a terminator appears to terminate somebody, and another figure appears to protect the target. This time, the protector is a terminator reprogrammed to be the good guy. While there is plenty of fighting and chasing, what follows is not just another retread, and it's not all about running away from the threat. This time, the characters turn the tables with massive firepower to try and change the future. This makes for a number of impressive action setpieces: the attack on Cyberdyne Systems is a loud, explosive splurge of mass carnage. The final showdown in the steel mill is a thrilling and iconic sequence, especially when it shows the epic smackdown between the two terminators. Various sequences here and there are just as exciting. It's all made even more memorable and innovating for featuring the T-1000: a terminator made entirely of liquid metal, which is not only a great feat in special effects, but also one of the most menacing villains in cinema.

There is a ton of big action in the film, making it a satisfyingly badass experience. It's made even better with a solid plot structure, and a cast of deep, well-developed characters. Sarah Connor is fully fleshed-out at this point, as a heroine who is both hardened and traumatized by the events of the first film. Despite being a little annoying, John Connor shows enough heart to be relate-able. Even the terminator himself is humanized to a point. All the characters show remarkable pathos, and combined with the story, they serve to underscore key themes concerning humanity's destructiveness. By the film's end, the message is clear: the future is not written, and it's up to us to determine our own destiny.

The film looks very slick and stylish, with photography that's steady, but also moves in thrilling ways. Editing is superb. Acting is great: Arnold Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton return to offer great performances, while Edward Furlong does the best he can (despite being a little annoying with his constantly-cracking voice) and Robert Patrick does his best to be menacing. Writing is good, in my opinion. This production spares no expense on the sets, props, costumes, and special effects. Music is pretty cool at times.

Highly recommended!

5/5 (Entertainment: Perfect | Story: Perfect | Film: Perfect)

This film is on my list of Top 100 Favorite Films at #6.

Film Review: The Terminator

"That terminator is out there. It can't be bargained with. It can't be reasoned with. It doesn't feel pity, or remorse, or fear. And it absolutely will not stop, ever, until you are dead!" - Michael Biehn

Assassination and murder often makes for a thrilling story as it is, but what if the murderer happens to be a machine from the future? Unstoppable, invincible, unable to feel pain or remorse, unable to deviate from its programming. The terminator is an inherently scary figure, partly because of the traits mentioned above, and also because it comes from a scary future ravaged by nuclear war and a robot apocalypse.

The first Terminator film delivers its premise impeccably, and does so with an agreeable amount of action. Granted that all the sequels have surpassed this film in terms of action, The Terminator still delivers plenty of thrills as the titular machines brutally hunts down its targets. Most of the movie is comprised of chases: car chases, foot chases, with intermittent shootouts, explosions, and fights. In spite of this, the film drags very little; it's actually quite tight, as it effectively uses the space in between the action to develop the story and characters.

And the story is quite sound, partly because of its unique premise, and largely because it's told really well. It makes phenomenal use of flashbacks to reinforce the background and characters of the story. Its focus on the characters is superb, and you really grow to care for them by the film's end. Overall, the film shows great depth and detail to make it stand above and beyond most other sci-fi flicks.

The film looks great, with excellent photography and editing. A lot of scenes, such as the nightclub scene, leaves a great lasting impact. Acting is great: I love Linda Hamilton, Michael Biehn, and Arnold Schwarzenegger in their respective roles. Writing is pretty decent. This production has plenty of good, utilitarian sets, props, costumes, and special effects. Music is really weird, but very moody and appropriately industrial.

Highly recommended!

4.5/5 (Entertainment: Good | Story: Perfect | Film: Very Good)

Writing: How to Make Fourth Dimensional Characters

In the latest session of our local writing group, one of our fine talented writers shared some good insight on how to create characters that are deep and meaningful.  This is all information that I think I've always been cognizant of, but never fully articulated, especially in such a structured fashion.  This information can benefit all writers, new or established, because character development and pathos is probably the most important element to writing compelling stories.  Looking over these aspects, I realize that there are things to my own characters that I tend to overlook; I'm usually good at building the third and fourth dimensions, but I often skip over the first two.

So, to build great characters, four dimensions are required:

First Dimension:  The Photograph (because you look at a photograph, a static image, and get a first impression from looks alone).  Aspects to this include:

• Static traits:  a person's size, weight, hair color, eye color, skin color, deformities, scars, tattoos, clothes, and any other number of observable traits.
• When writing about these static traits, there is a tendency to stop all the action and spend a paragraph or two to dump all the details of a person's description all at once.  This is a mistake I'm guilty of...pretty much all of the time.  It's better to take these descriptions and use them as the action unfolds.  So instead of having a chunk of text that says "so-and-so looks like this and that," consider something like "so-and-so ran his hand over his smooth black hair..."
• Going hand-in-hand with the above, it's also better to use active verbs to describe a person rather than inactive verbs.

Second Dimension:  The Videotape (because when you look at a video, you can see a person in motion; action speak louder than words).  Aspects to this include:

•  Active traits:  how a person moves, how he speaks, how he goes about his daily life, how he walks, how he runs, how he drives, how he interacts with other people, how he eats, how he sleeps, and any number of other subtle clues and mannerisms.
• A person's voice can be important for character building to.  It may be wise to consider describing the pitch, tone, accent, and other aspects of a person's voice.
• These traits can be important, because it's a transition from how a person looks to what he's really like.

Third Dimension:  The Stageplay (because when you see a play, you see the action unfolding around the characters in a dramatic fashion).  These aspects are:

• How a person acts or reacts to circumstances.
• Character traits, such as how sociable he is, how well he gets along with others, what his level of responsibility is, beliefs of all sorts, intelligence level, sensitivity, temperament, and any number of other traits that will affect how he acts in the long run.
• Dialogue is a huge help in this field, especially regarding arguments, which can reveal a lot about characters and how they get along (in addition to building the action and conflict).
• Habitual behavior can build personality.  Let's face it, we all have habits that we can't break free of.
• Overall, these traits develop the public persona of an individual.  All these traits are observable, but they may not match up with the fourth dimensional traits at all.

Fourth Dimension:  The Participatory Theater (because now you can involve the audience in with the action, putting them into the eyes of the character and making them feel for them).  These traits are:

• Pretty much the same as the third dimension, but constitutes the private persona.  These are the traits that are internalized.  They are stripped of all pretense.
• Includes the inner workings of a character, such as thoughts and feelings.  Most important, however, is motivation, which explains why a person is the way he is or acts the way he acts.  Asking why to a character or story should uncover motives to make it work.
• To reveal the inner traits of a character, it may help to ask what there is about the character that nobody else knows.  Upon thinking about this, you must then ask how to go about revealing that hidden trait.
• It may also help to examine a character's fantasies and dreams.  Ambition, or what the character wants most, is a large part of what makes them whole.

For an example of a fourth dimensional character, consider this example:  Hamlet, from the Shakespeare play:

• First dimension:  well, it depends on who plays him, but if you go with, say, Kenneth Branaugh, he'd be a thin and somewhat handsome blonde dude with a mustache.
• Second dimension:  once again, this depends on the actor.  Kenneth Branaugh played this guy with a pretty strong sense of confidence and purpose.
• Third dimension:  per the play, Hamlet starts off pretty somber, but goes on to act all-out crazy, spewing nonsense lines and going on to kill Polonius.  Everybody pretty much concluded that Hamlet was mentally disturbed from his father's death.
• Fourth dimension:  per the play, and a lot of study, Hamlet is never crazy, he only acts that way to bide his time and plan his ultimate move against Claudious.  He pretty much spends the play flip-flopping, trying to figure out if he should commit the murder, or worse yet, kill himself.  Once he discovers the truth, he goes through with it.  For the first half of the play, all he wants is confirmation that Claudious is really the usurper, and perhaps a good helping of self-confidence, while in the second half all he wants is vengeance.

Video Game: Gameplay Tips for Far Cry 3

Dropped in the middle of a tropical island, with dangerous pirates, wildlife, and the elements all out to get you, it can be overwhelming to master Far Cry 3.  Fortunately, it's not too hard once you get the hang of things and start unlocking your character's potential.  Still, if you're having difficulty, perhaps this guide can help.

Who needs guns when we have leopards?

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General Tips

• After the initial mission or two, you're pretty much free to explore the map.  When you first start, you'll only have access to the northern island (which is the largest and comprises the bulk of the game anyway).  After finishing a good number of main missions (like, two third or so of the way in), the southern island will unlock.  You will have a wide array of choices:  aside from the main story, you can engage in side missions, supply drop missions, hunter quests, assassination quests, liberating outposts, climbing radio towers, or finding collectables.  There is a ton of stuff to do, and most of it is purely optional.  It will all depend on what missions you enjoy doing and what you want out of them.
• Before you do anything, climbing the radio towers and activating them should be your first priority.  The towers will reveal a good chunk of the map, making it easier to navigate and find stuff.  You will get some xp for it too.
• For experience point farming, the main story quests offer the most points, but you can also beef yourself up really good by activating radio towers, liberating outposts, doing the trials of the Rakyat, finding the letters of the lost, and finding relics.
• For money, most of the other mission types (such as the assassinations, hunter quests, side quests) can help.  There are also a jillion loot chests scattered around the map. 
• In addition to walking, driving, or hang-gliding, you can climb certain areas.  Always look out for ledges that have either ropes or vines hanging down:  those are areas where you'll be prompted to press X to climb.  Such areas may lead to secret areas with loot, relics, or they may lead to alternate entrances to a given site.
• Except for certain story missions, you'll always have the choice between combat or stealth.  As such, it may behoove you to pick the skills that will match up with your play style first (although, ultimately, all skills can be earned by the game's end).
• If you choose combat, be sure you have plenty of ammo before you engage an outpost or start a mission.  You can always visit a shop to buy and equip weapons, attachments, and ammo.  As a rule, I always carried an assault rifle, a SMG, a sniper rifle, and plenty of explosives.  You can heal yourself any time with the unlocked healing skills, but in the heat of battle, it can take to long for you to reset your bones and wrap bandages; medkits and syringes are faster.  In a gunfight, it helps to stay behind cover, rather than standing in the open.
• For stealth, your knife will be your best weapon; you'll want to sneak up behind enemies and perform takedowns.  Additional takedown skills can be unlocked in the different skill trees, and can help you on stealth missions.  Suppressor attachments for rifles and guns make life a lot easier too.  I pretty much remained crouched most of the time, and use the camera to tag enemies and watch them from a distance.  Also remember that you can always distract enemies by throwing rocks (or possibly by setting fires or silently killing other bad guys around them, but these will make them more alert as well).
• Pick the weapons you are most comfortable with.  I've favored the SMGs, but they burn through ammo really fast.  Assault rifles are trustworthy enough, but are unwise for stealth (unless you buy the "Bushmaster" gun).  Sniper rifles are great for long-range.  RPGs, flamethrowers, and other explosives are best used for causing huge amounts of damage.
• Throughout the game, you may occasionally run across broken down cars in need of repairs.  If you carry the repair tool with you, you can fix it for the driver, and they'll reward you with money.

Hunting and Gathering

• Early in the game, you'll be introduced to the game's crafting mechanics as part of the main story.  The game will basically teach you to gather plants, hunt animals, and craft a few basic items.  As you go on, it would behoove you to craft bigger and better items.
• Gathering plants is easy enough:  just walk up to any colored plant, press square to hack off a leaf.  Gather so many leaves of different colors for different syringes.  Different syringes will become available for crafting for collecting relics and completing other tasks.  Not only will syringes heal you, but there are also some that help you track enemies, buff you up, and there's one for temporary god mode.  XD
• Skinning animals will be a necessity for expanding your inventory.  A lot of these animals will be dangerous, so you might want to use the hunter's instinct syringe to identify the predators in the region, and keep them at a distance.  If you're having difficulty finding a specific animal, refer to the map to find specific regions where specific animals reside.  Leopards can be found pretty much anywhere at any given time (I've found them roaming around hunting goats and pigs and stuff).  Eventually, if you've crafted every type of bag, you'll have to complete a special "Path of the Hunter" quest for the final bag upgrade.
• After a while, I learned that I don't need to hold onto every animal skin that I've collected.  If you find that the next levels of crafting doesn't require certain animals kins, I'd sell those extra skins if I were you.  Just keep the rare ones or the most valuable ones until you're absolutely sure you don't need them after all.
• Looting corpses and finding loot chests can be a good way to find more ammo and money if you're running low.
• Basically, when I'm not doing a quest of some kind, I tend to roam the map, poking through every nook and cranny to find loot chests, relics, letters, and to hunt animals, while making my way to liberate outposts and activate radio towers.  That's half of the game's fun right there!

How to Liberate the Island

•  There are 34 outposts on the map, which covers the map in an ugly red fog, and sends out patrols of bad guys all over the roads.  To liberate them is probably the most rewarding experience in the game, because it nets you a good amount of xp, you can find plenty of loot and collectables around these outposts, you'll have good guys roaming the map instead of bad guys, and they make it possible to fast travel in more places.
• After activating a radio tower to reveal the map, simply look at the map and pick an outpost to assault.  I usually put a marker on the outpost I'm heading for, so it will be clearly marked on the landscape when I'm running through the hills.
• Approach the outpost, but keep your distance.  When you see it in the distance, I recommend circling around it in the roughage, rather than on the main roads or in the open.  While crouched, sneak closer to the outpost, and use your camera to zoom in and scope out the place.  Bad guys will be tagged.
• Watch the tagged enemies closely, and figure out your approach.
• If you have silenced weapons (such as a sniper rifle with a suppressor), you can pick off the bad guys from a distance.  I prefer to do this on enemy snipers and isolated enemies first; their deaths don't usually trigger alarms.  Then I'd carefully snipe at the other enemies, preferably when they walk away from the others.  If other enemies see their own men getting killed, they will react, but if they don't see you they won't raise the alarm.  If you're able to continue sniping at them without being seen, then you could do so and liberate the outpost completely and get the Undetected xp bonus.  If you've shot everybody and still haven't liberated the outpost, there's probably a straggler that you'll have to find.  In this case, sneak into the outpost and use your camera to look for people hiding in the buildings or towers.  If you're spotted, you'll have to switch to an assault rifle and fight your way through.
• If you want a more up-close and personal approach, many of the outposts can be penetrated pretty easily from alternate routes:  there are usually holes in the walls you can sneak through, or you can swim up to certain ones, or drop down from a hill slope.  You'll probably want to tag enemies either before you enter the outpost, or as you traverse through it.  Keeping obstacles between you and the enemies, you can sneak up to enemies who are on their own and out of sight from the others, and perform a takedown on them.  More advanced takedowns from skills you unlock can help you take out enemies with greater proficiency.  It also helps to distract enemies with a rock to make them go where you want them to, either to sneak past them or lure them to a quiet place for a takedown.  As you sneak around the base and pick off enemies, it might also be a good idea to walk up to the nearest alarm panel and disable it, just in case.  If you manage to do a takedown on every enemy without being spotted, you'll get the Undetected bonus.  Otherwise, be prepared for a tough fight.
• There are other ways to cause a disruption.  Some outposts will have cheap wooden cages with animals in them; shooting them (preferably with a silenced weapon) will unleash hell on the nearest bad guys.  The privateers at the southern island will be more resistant to this approach, but I've seen a few pirate outposts taken down solely from an escaped leopard or bear.  Another thing to consider is starting fires (either with molotovs or the flamethrower), which can creep over the outpost and make the enemies freak out, and possibly burn to death.

Enemy Types

•  Herbivores:  when tagged, these critters will have a cute little paw icon on them.  These creatures are not aggressive.  You'd only attack them for their skins...or because you're a cruel and heartless jerk.
• Predators:  marked with a jaws icon.  These are the dangerous animals.  Hunt them for their skins.  Better yet, release them from cages or lure them with rocks to make them attack pirates!
• Normal:  indicated with a skull-and-crossbones icon.  These are pretty standard goons with guns.  Much like a common stormtrooper, they've got simplistic AI and will fall pretty easily to any level of firepower.
• Snipers and RPG:  have a crosshair icon.  Snipers can be spotted pretty easily, because they'll often sweep a thin laser beam across an area with their gun.  RPG dudes just kinda walk around with rockets strapped to their backs, looking all tough.  They're usually positioned at a distance, because they're long-range.  It's best to try and take them out first, before they take you out.
• Chargers:  have a lightning bolt as their icon.  When they see you, they will run into your face with a knife, because they're crazy! They also have molotovs, which are annoying.  Better take them down before they reach you (and they often ignite on fire if you shoot them just right).
• Heavy:  signified with a shield icon.  These guys are easily the hardest foes to defeat, because they're, well, heavy.  They're heavily armored, and take like a whole clip of bullets to take down.  Scoring a headshot will take them out quicker, and will earn you a big fat juicy xp bonus (and it's especially rewarding to snipe at them with a single shot to the head).  If you have the heavy beatdown skill unlocked, you can perform a takedown on them easily enough.  These guys sometimes pack a LMG or flamethrower, so it's advantageous to take them out quickly.

Trophy Hunting

Trophies in this game aren't too hard, and chances are good that you'll get at least 60% of them just by doing the main story.

• The main story quest is challenging, but it's a simple manner of following waypoints, shooting bad guys, and doing a few quick-time events.  Some missions may require stealth, but throwing rocks, using silent takedowns or silenced weapons, can all help.  Completing the 38 main quests will unlock all the secret trophies.  Difficulty doesn't matter on any of the trophies here:  feel free to go easy on yourself if you have to.  It also doesn't matter what choice you make for the final mission...you'll know it when it happens.  Just trust your feelings.
• The "Freefall" trophy can be tricky, but it is quite do-able.  I simply found a glider on a mountain close to the coast, flew it over the ocean, and ditched the glider from 100 meters high.  Upon slashdown, the trophy unlocked.  I forget where I found such a glider, but one can be found at coordinates X: 442.4, Y: 651.1, upper-right corner of the map.
• You can earn two trophies for unlocking your skills.  Simply gain enough experienced to gain five skill points, use them on unlocked skills, and you'll earn the "Inked Up" trophy.  Unlocking them all will be a longer ordeal, but is easily achievable by doing the main story quests for massive xp, and doing everything else (outposts, radio towers, relics, letters, etc).  Attain every skill for the "Fully Inked" trophy.  Chances are good that you'll unlock this trophy before the game's end.  Just be aware that some skills need to be unlocked by performing special tasks (such as liberating two outposts undetected, performing a "death from above" kill, etc).  Be sure to accomplish these tasks during your conquests; if you liberate every outpost before getting this trophy, you won't be able to unlock certain skills.
• Liberating outposts will earn both the "Rebel With a Cause" and "Island Liberator" trophies.  Just comb through the map, take your time to take out the guards, and once you liberate all 34 of them, both trophies should be yours.
• Liberating an outpost without setting off the alarm will earn you the "Unheard" trophy.  See notes above for liberating outposts.  You don't need to be totally undetected, you just can't let the alarm go off.  It helps to manually deactivate the alarms by walking up to the panel and pressing the square button (shooting the panel will make that individual panel inoperable, but not all the panels).  Still, it helps a lot to take out the outpost without being seen or heard, so give it a try!
• The "Money to Burn" trophy is easy.  When you've looted enough money, buy up any maps, guns, ammo, etc. from the stores, and once you hit $5,000, you'll get the trophy.  This should come naturally:  you'll want to buy all the maps anyway to find the relics and letters and stuff.
• The "Aftermarket Junkie" trophy unlocks by buying both attachments and paint jobs for a given weapon.  I unlocked this with one of the sniper rifles:  when you have enough money, just select the given weapon, press X to look at the attachments, and be sure to hit R1 to find the paint jobs.  Upgrading the 1911 pistol might be the easiest to do this on, since it has no attachments, just $1,200 worth of paint jobs.
• The "Full Bars" trophy unlocks when you activate 9 (about half) of the radio towers.  It's easy, just walk or drive to the nearest one, climb it, and press the square button on the control panel on top of the tower.  Some towers can be tricky to climb, so look out for areas that have rope hanging down (those are the areas you can walk up to and climb).
• The "Archeology 101" trophy is accomplished by finding 60 (about half) of the relics.  Buying maps and activating the radio towers will reveal the locations of collectables in a given section.  Simply go to the various relics marked on the map and nab them.  A lot of them will be hidden in caves or underwater, so you may have to explore around an area to find these things.  There are plenty of easy relics to find in the open though.  If you're out exploring, be sure to explore caves, islands off the coast of the main island, on the tops of mountains, and in ruins to find relics.
• All the Letters of the Dead can be found just like the above:  reveal the map, but the collectables map, then find the letters.  All of these are found in the WWII ruins around the islands.  Some of them may be sealed behind solid doors, so you may need to use explosives to blast them open.  Find all 20 of these letters, and the "Dead Letters" trophy will unlock.
• "Memory to Spare" is unlocked by finding all 20 memory cards.  All of these are found in the safehouses that are unlocked by liberating outposts.  So if you liberate all 34 safehouses, you should get all the memory cards.  Be sure to visit each safehouse to find these glowing, humming laptops, and press the square button to grab the memory card.  You can always fast-travel to a memory card location if you're missing one.
• The "Jungle Journal" trophy unlocked when you unlock 50 entries in the handbook.  This unlocked for me pretty early in the game, so it should come naturally for you too.  A journal entry will unlock for every person, place, and thing you run across.  To unlock things quicker, work through the main story, harvest more plants, and kill more animals.
• The "Let the Trials Begin" trophy unlocks for completing a Trial of the Rakyat mission.  These are the red stars marked on the map.  Simply walk up to one of these glowing red stones, press the square button (I think), and the mission will start.  You'll just need to beat the lowest score to earn this trophy:  you score points for killing the most enemies in a given time.  Be sure to hit the blue barrels to extend your time, and don't let yourself die (these missions give you infinite medical syringes, usually).  The higher the score, the more rewards you get.
• I earned the "Poker Bully" trophy by doing one of the side missions (I believe it was the "Father's Burden" quest, which sends you out to win some money back from some gamblers).  Regardless, you can always earn this by going to the poker places marked on the map with a black ace of spades type of icon.  All the poker games in this game are a five-card holdem type of game, and you  can choose to play as a novice for less earnings or as a master for bigger stakes.  Playing the actual game always felt frustrating to me, because these AI players seemed to bet big on stupid low cards, and it kinda threw me off.  Still, you can earn some big money pretty easily by betting big on good hands and folding when you have a crap hand (as near as I can tell, these players don't bluff, so it's not wise to call a big bet if you have a bad hand).  Just keep it up, and eventually you'll make out.  Poker winnings can be monitored from your stats screen in the handbook.
• Be sure to complete at least one of every quest type.  You get a trophy for doing a side quest, a hunter mission, a "wanted dead" mission, and a supply drop mission.
• For the "Hunter Hunted" trophy, you'll need to be attacked by a predator first, and then you'll have to kill it.  I think I did this on a crocodile, which are plentiful enough; if one attacks you, follow the on-screen prompts to wrestle it and stab it to death.  Otherwise, if you find a dingo, leopard, or other predator attacking you, shoot it!
• The "Poacher" trophy unlocks for completing a special type of "path of the hunter" quest, which are all unlocked as you liberate outposts.  A poster with a red "rare" stamp on it will indicate whether or not the animal you're hunting is rare.  Simply start the quest and complete it; you'll earn this trophy, and a special skin that you'll probably need to max out your bag crafting skills.
• Be sure to use the Crafting section of the start menu to craft stuff frequently, using the plant and animal loot for bags and syringes.  You get a trophy for crafting five items, and 25 syringes, and "1 special syringe" (the special syringes will be their own type of category, and are unlocked after collecting 30 relics).
• To get the "Say Hi to the Internet" trophy, go to coordinates X: 619.7, Y: 559.4 (upper right corner of the map) to find somebody stuck in the sand.  Press the square button.  Nothing will happen, until the trophy appears.  Then you can just move on and leave the guy there.
• For the "Heartless Pyro" trophy, attain the flamethrower by either buying it, or unlocking it in shops from activating radio towers.  When you have it, carry it with you and burn every pirate scumbag you see!
• The "Love the Boom" trophy is a tricky one.  According to the PS3 trophy guide, you go to the Welshore Wrecker's House Outpost (coordinates X: 437.9, Y: 795.0).  Set off the alarm, so reinforcements arrive.  Use an RPG on the jeeps that show up.  If all else fails, be sure to get this trophy before you liberate all the outposts, otherwise there won't be enough bad guys around to blow up all at once.  I suffered this problem at first, but gave it a shot with one of the "wanted dead" quests, and just used an RPG to blow up a cluster of bad guys.  The trophy came up shortly thereafter.
• I also haven't gotten the "Rock Always Wins" trophy; it seems to take an ungodly number of rocks to win this one.  If all else fails, simply find some bad guys, sneak up to them, and distract them with rocks over and over again until the trophy unlocks.  As long as they walk to the sound, they're considered distracted.
• Yep, I also sucked at getting the "Never Saw It Coming" trophy.  Upon buying the "Death From Above" skill from the Heron skill tree, you can stab bad guys from above; do it from a zipline, glider, or parachute to earn this trophy.  "The Medua's Call" mission is supposedly a good place to do this at.  Otherwise, there are always bad guys roaming around the area around X:  360 Y:  700; lure one of them beneath a zipline, then let him have it.  I've tried repeatedly to do this with a hang-glider and parachute, but it never worked.  Zipline seems to be the way to go with this one, and this exact location will be the best spot, even if you've completed everything else in the game.
• For the "Improper Use" trophy, buy or unlock the repair tool, and cram it into some hapless bad guy's face!
• For the "Toxophilite" trophy, you'll need to buy or unlock the recurve bow, and shoot a bad guy with it from over 70 meters.  This is quite a distance, so it'll help to buy a scope.  I accomplished this on a sniper walking on a rooftop of some outpost, but if you're looking for a specific target, try the Welshore Wrecker's House Outpost (coordinates X: 437.9, Y: 795.0).
• Tag 25 enemies with your camera for the "Island Paparazzi" trophy.  Since I tag enemies all the time with the thing, this trophy came up very quickly.
• For the "Fearless or Stupid" trophy, there's a deep blue spot in the sea (e.g. at the coordinates X: 709.1, Y: 835.6).  Simply swim to the very bottom of the ocean floor to earn this.  Crafting the deep dive syringe can help you hold your breath for longer, and be sure to press L3 to swim faster.
• Every other trophy is achievable by completing the co-op maps, either online or offline.  I heard it's possible to achieve this campaign solo using two controllers on causal mode.

Book Review: Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter (Seth Grahame-Smith)

“Judge us not equally, Abraham. We may all deserve hell, but some of us deserve it sooner than others.” - Seth Grahame-Smith

It just sounds so ridiculous and silly:  Abraham Lincoln, one of the most iconic American presidents of all time, led a secret life slaughtering the undead.  What next? Maybe George Washington fought zombies? Did Julius Caesar clash with a minotaur? Adam and Eve vs aliens? Good lord, the possibilities are endless!

The funny thing is, Seth Grahame-Smith wrote this unbelievable concept in such a manner that's so straight-faced, you can take the book seriously.  There is plenty of action and vampire slaying, certainly.  There's also a lot of drama, a little bit of politics, and a little bit of war, just as can be expected in a Abraham Lincoln biography.  The author took great lengths to incorporate journal segments, and even photos, that appear like creditable primary sources.  The book's style is purely biographical, so it reads like non-fiction, with bursts of fantasy action.  Not only does this make the novel a unique oddity, but it's also fast-paced and pretty easy to read.

Written in the style of a biography, the book covers pretty much all of Lincoln's life, sometimes skipping over the years to get to the vampire slaying.  Although I'm pretty oblivious to the historical facts of the man's life, the book appears to incorporate as much historic truth and fact as it can, going so far as to tying in the drama of his wife, children, the war, and the ultimate assassination into the story.  It also covers some ground regarding the Civil War, politics, and slavery, and they're all tied into the overall man-vs-vampire conflict.  As the central character, Lincoln proves to be decently nuanced, with a decent level of pathos.

The novel's style is pretty much described above:  half action-packed, half biography, all pretty easy to read.  I have no complaints about the quality of the writing, and I think the author did a fine job of using the proper language and style for this story.

4/5 (Entertainment:  Very Good | Story:  Good | Book:  Good)